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:''Overton Park may also refer to the U.S. Supreme Court case, Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe'' Overton Park is a large, public park in Midtown Memphis, Tennessee. The park grounds contain the Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Memphis Zoo, a 9-hole golf course, Memphis College of Art, Rainbow Lake, Veterans Plaza, Greensward, and other features. The Old Forest Arboretum of Overton Park, one of the few remaining old growth forests in Tennessee, is a natural arboretum with labeled trees along trails. ==History== The property, once known locally as Lea’s Woods, was purchased by Memphis on November 14, 1901 for $110,000; it was located along the city's eastern boundary at that time.〔Judge J.P. Young (editor). 1912. Standard History of Memphis, Tennessee. Knoxville, TN: H.N. Crew and Company.〕 Overton Park was designed by landscape architect George Kessler as part of a comprehensive plan that also included M.L. King Riverside Park and the Memphis Parkway System. The planning began in 1901, and Overton Park was established in 1906.〔John Linn Hopkins, "(Memphis Park and Parkway System )," ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''. Retrieved 28 May 2007〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://mavenofmemphis.com/2014/05/hidden-gem-west-tennessee-found-memphis-overton-park/ )〕 The park is named for John Overton, a co-founder of Memphis. Overton’s name was selected in a competition to name the new park conducted by the ''Evening Scimitar'', a local newspaper; the three choices in the voting were Memphis founding fathers Andrew Jackson, Overton, and James Winchester.〔Hair, Patricia. 1978. The General History of Overton Park. Bound report on file in the Memphis Room of the Memphis Public Library.〕 The official naming occurred on July 25, 1902. In the 1960s and 1970s Overton Park was the subject of controversy when 26 of its were slated by highway planners to be demolished to build Interstate Highway 40 through the park to make it easier for suburban commuters to get to downtown. However, a small number of residents of midtown formed a group known as Citizens to Preserve Overton Park and challenged the plan in court. Ultimately, the United States Supreme Court ruled in their favor in the landmark case ''Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe''.〔 〕 Nevertheless, the City of Memphis and Tennessee Department of Transportation continued to propose a number of alternatives for routing Interstate 40 through Overton Park, including building the highway in a tunnel, or in a deep trench. In 1978, Citizens to Preserve Overton Park successfully nominated the park to the National Register of Historic Places, thus guaranteeing that without approval by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Federal funding could not be used for projects that damaged the park's historic integrity. The Memphis Commercial Appeal called listing on the National Register the "final nail in the coffin" of efforts to route Interstate 40 through Overton Park. Beginning in June 1974, the road system within the interior of Overton Park was closed to motorized vehicles on weekends and holidays, which were called “People's Days". Although initially there were some objections, the new policy gained popularity, and the closures were eventually made permanent on April 13, 1987 except for official vehicles.〔〔(Heineke, Thomas E. 2009. Floristic Study of the Overton Park Forest, Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee )〕 When the entirely white Hein Park community walled off access to Overton Park through West Drive, predominately black neighbors from across Jackson Avenue sued under the Civil Rights Act of 1866.〔(Sarah Schindler,''Architectural Exclusion: Discrimination and Segregation Through Physical Design of the Built Environment'',124 YALE L.J. 1934 (2015). )〕 In 1981 a narrowly divided U.S. Supreme Court found the barrier was legal, although dissenting Justice Thurgood Marshall admonished that “a group of white citizens has decided to act to keep Negro citizens from traveling through their urban "utopia" and the city has placed its seal of approval on the scheme."〔(''City of Memphis v. Greene'', 451 U.S. 100, 155 (Marshall, J., dissenting). )〕 Overton Park was selected for inclusion in the 2009 ''Landslide Program'' sponsored by The Cultural Landscape Foundation.〔( The Cultural Landscape Foundation: 2009 Landslide Program. )〕 This program "spotlights great places designed by seminal and regionally influential landscape figures, which are threatened with change." By vote of the Memphis City Council on December 6, 2011, the nonprofit Overton Park Conservancy assumed management of of Overton Park. The 10-year agreement covers the East Picnic Area, Greensward, Formal Gardens, Old Forest State Natural Area, and Veteran’s Plaza.〔( Overton Park Conservancy. )〕 The Levitt Shell, Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Memphis College of Art, Memphis Zoo, and the Overton Park Golf Course are managed independently. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Overton Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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